Abstract
A chronoamperometric method for vanadium ion determination, based on the inhibition of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase, is reported. Screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles were used as transducers for the immobilization of the enzyme. The enzymatic activity over 4-nitrophenyl phosphate sodium salt is affected by vanadium ions, which results in a decrease in the chronoamperometric current registered. The developed method has a detection limit of 0.39 ± 0.06 μM, a repeatability of 7.7% (n = 4) and a reproducibility of 8% (n = 3). A study of the possible interferences shows that the presence of Mo(VI), Cr(III), Ca(II) and W(VI), may affect vanadium determination at concentration higher than 1.0 mM. The method was successfully applied to the determination of vanadium in spiked tap water.
Highlights
Being considered as one of the important transition elements in biological systems, vanadium is an ultra-trace metal that can be found in some marine organisms, in the prosthetic group of bromoperoxidases in certain marine algae [1,2,3], as part of the nitrogenase system of some bacteria and plants [4,5], as well as in plasma and inside cells of mammals [6]
Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics, as a catalyst, and in the production of superconductive magnets, and vanadyl sulfate and sodium metavanadate have been used in dietary supplements [8]
In a previous paper 5-riboflavin monophosphate was used as a substrate for an alkaline phosphatase biosensor because there was no report of such a substrate being used for a biosensor
Summary
Being considered as one of the important transition elements in biological systems, vanadium is an ultra-trace metal that can be found in some marine organisms, in the prosthetic group of bromoperoxidases in certain marine algae [1,2,3], as part of the nitrogenase system of some bacteria and plants [4,5], as well as in plasma and inside cells of mammals [6]. It participates in the synthesis of chlorophyll in photosynthetic organisms and is a micronutrient of marine and terrestrial species [7]. Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics, as a catalyst, and in the production of superconductive magnets, and vanadyl sulfate and sodium metavanadate have been used in dietary supplements [8]
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