Abstract
Nowadays, oil is the source of the vast majority of fuels used for transport, heating and of the hydrocarbons used in petrochemical industry. However, oil is a fossil fuel and some experts predict that its reserves will exhaust approximately in 20–30 years. Moreover, it seems that the demand of fossil fuels will increase at rates that can be estimated from “World Energy Outlook” elaborated by the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2007). Apart from all these data, there are evidences that the climate of the planet is changing due to the global warning. The temperature of the earth is increasing and the ice of the poles is beginning to melt; all these changes are attributed to the Greenhouse Effect. Besides, it has been estimated that 82 % of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions are due to fossil fuel combustion so it is clear that alternative energy sources are needed (see Figure 1).
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