Accurate modulation of graphene metamaterials with no-electrode through free electrons

Abstract

2D material graphene has a wide range of applications in terahertz, most graphene modulation is performed with electrodes for gate voltage modulation or high-power laser pulse modulation. Here, we construct a self-developed system based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) to experimentally demonstrate the tuning of a no-electrode graphene metamaterial modulation. Because the electron beam radius and position of the SEM is highly controllable, it can be adjusted precisely. This is of seminal importance for the development of terahertz graphene terahertz devices.