Abstract
This chapter reviews the current state of understanding of hydrogen-assisted deformation and fracture of austenitic stainless steels for use in gaseous hydrogen. The basic characteristics of austenitic stainless steels are presented, focusing on the alloys most commonly used in gaseous hydrogen service. Hydrogen transport in austenitic alloys is briefly discussed, followed by a summary of the important characteristics of internal and external hydrogen environments. A few brief comments are given on models of hydrogen-assisted deformation and fracture with emphasis on hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity. Observations of fracture are summarized for austenitic stainless steel in the presence of hydrogen and related to the tendency for localized deformation in this material class. In the following section, the basic trends of hydrogen-assisted deformation and fracture are outlined with examples from the literature for tensile, fracture and fatigue testing, respectively. In concluding, necessary research and development activities mentioned throughout the text are summarized in the context of unambiguously elucidating the micromechanisms of hydrogen-assisted fracture in austenitic stainless steels.
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