Accumulation and transport of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid in plant cuticles: I. Sorption in the cuticular membrane and its components

Abstract

Partition coefficients ( K) of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) have been determined for the system plant cuticle/aqueous buffer. Cuticles isolated enzymatically from leaves ( Clivia miniata, Ficus elastica, Citrus aurantium, Hedera helix, Pyrus communis cv. Conférence and cv. Williams, Olea europaea) and fruits ( Lycopersicon esculentum, Capsicum annuum, Solanum melongena, Cucumis sativus) were utilized. Only the nondissociated species of 2,4-D was sorbed by cuticles and their lipophilic components. The average partition coefficient for leaf cuticles was 316 (range, 240–470) and for fruit cuticles 476 (range, 424–579). The dependence of sorption upon 2,4-D concentration was tested using tomato fruit cuticle. The sorption isotherm was linear from 2.0 to 5.0 × 10 −4 mol m −3. With increasing 2,4-D concentrations partition coefficients decreased slightly. Extraction of soluble cuticular lipids (SCL) increased the partition coefficients and these relative increases were correlated to relative amounts of SCL. In most species the hydrolytic removal of polar cuticular components resulted in a further increase of partition coefficients. No single cuticle was found to be representative for the sorption characteristics of all plant species investigated. The amounts of cuticle present in plant communities can be estimated from the data presented in conjunction with leaf area indices.