Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the accumulation and elimination of Enrofloxacin (ENRO) and Ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) in cultivated Litopenaeus vannamei under controlled laboratory and farm conditions. Laboratory- and farm-raised shrimp were given feed supplemented with 200 mg/kg ENRO for 14 days, followed by a 16-day diet without antibiotics. The levels of ENRO and CIPRO were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In the laboratory, ENRO concentrations in the muscle and hepatopancreas reached a maximum (Cmax) of 0.54 ± 0.26 μg/g and 3.52 ± 1.9 μg/g, respectively; Cmax values for CIPRO in the laboratory were 0.18 ± 0.13 μg/g (muscle) and 1.05 ± 0.20 μg/g (hepatopancreas). In farmed shrimp, Cmax values for ENRO were 0.36 ± 0.17 μg/g muscle and 1.60 ± 0.82 μg/g in the hepatopancreas; CIPRO Cmax values were 0.03 ± 0.02 μg/g (muscle) and 0.36 ± 0.08 μg/g (hepatopancreas). Two to fourteen days were necessary to eliminate both antibiotics from muscular tissue and four to more fourteen days for complete elimination of the antibiotics from the hepatopancreas. These results should be considered in terms of minimum concentrations necessary to inhibit Vibrio bacteria to determine whether the current use of this antibiotic is effective in controlling disease.
Highlights
One alternative to treating bacterial infections in aquaculture is to use antibiotics during cultivation, as is common in shrimp aquaculture
Enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and florfenicol are among the most commonly used antibiotics during shrimp cultivation and are commonly mixed into food pellets; the inappropriate use of these compounds can result in accumulation of residual antibiotic in tissue and contribute to the emergence of resistant bacteria via residual antibiotics persisting in the sediment
This study aims to determine in vivo, under controlled conditions and semicontrolled conditions, the accumulation and distribution of ENRO in the muscle and hepatopancreas of L. vannamei, as well as the time needed after exposure to eliminate the antibiotic from the shrimp’s tissue
Summary
One alternative to treating bacterial infections in aquaculture is to use antibiotics during cultivation, as is common in shrimp aquaculture. Enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and florfenicol are among the most commonly used antibiotics during shrimp cultivation and are commonly mixed into food pellets; the inappropriate use of these compounds can result in accumulation of residual antibiotic in tissue and contribute to the emergence of resistant bacteria via residual antibiotics persisting in the sediment. More data are needed to determine the optimal drug dosage for use in shrimp farming and to establish the levels of ENRO accumulation in organs. This knowledge is crucial to establish the presence of residues in shrimp tissue, reducing the risks of sediment accumulation and emerging bacterial resistance
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