Abstract

ObjectiveTo characterize the impact of nephrolithiasis diagnosis and treatment on healthcare utilization and identify predictors of barriers to care in the patient population. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the All of Us Database, an NIH database targeting recruitment of underrepresented populations. Patients with a diagnosis of kidney stones were included and matched to a control group. Primary outcomes were patients’ self-reported healthcare access and utilization. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed. Results9,173 patients with a diagnosis of nephrolithiasis were included and matched to 9,173 controls without a diagnosis of nephrolithiasis. Patients with kidney stones were less likely to have had >1 year since last provider visit (1.7% vs. 3.8%, p<.001), but did not report increased delays obtaining care (31%), inability to afford care (11.4%), or higher likelihood of skipping medications (12.9%). Among patients with stones, 1,208 (13.2%) had been treated surgically. On multivariable analysis, younger age, female sex, lower income, lower education, non-insured status, and lower physical and mental health were all associated with delays obtaining care, difficulty affording care, skipping medications, and/or prolonged time since seeing a provider. ConclusionA diagnosis of nephrolithiasis and subsequent surgical intervention were not associated with an increase in patient-reported barriers to care. However, among patients with nephrolithiasis, younger, comorbid, female patients from lower socioeconomic status are at significant risk of being unable to access and utilize treatment.

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