Accelerometer static state detection (SSD)-assisted GNSS/accelerometer bridge monitoring algorithm

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Abstract In the field of structural health monitoring (SHM), a loosely coupled (LC) Kalman filtering algorithm that accounts for baseline drift errors is commonly used to integrate GNSS data with accelerometer data. In the LC algorithm, the baseline drift errors are considered unknown parameters that need to be estimated. In scenario of continuous float solutions, the estimation of baseline drift error is often inaccurate, leading to the divergence of monitoring results. Theoretically, as a type of motion sensor, accelerometers are expected to qualitatively determine the priori state of bridges, whether dynamic or static. Utilizing the inherent characteristics of accelerometers and the principle of zero-velocity detection in integrated navigation, we originally propose a bridge static state detection (SSD) method based on low-cost accelerometer, and introduces this prior SSD information as a constraint in GNSS/accelerometer LC algorithm, called SSD-LC bridge monitoring algorithm. Through a simulation platform and real-world bridge monitored tests, the effectiveness of our proposed SSD method has been verified. Furthermore, our proposed SSD-LC bridge monitoring algorithm can effectively mitigate the divergence problem in baseline drift estimation that occurs with continuous GNSS float solutions in traditional algorithms, which can effectively avoid misjudgments and false alarms in bridge monitoring during GNSS anomalies.