Abstract
Moisture-assisted post-annealing was performed on carbon-electrode based planar perovskite solar cells so as to improve the hole-extraction process. It was observed that, after being annealed at a relative humidity of 30% for 2 h, the short-circuit current density, fill factor, and open circuit voltage were all improved, leading to an improvement of 21.75% of power conversion efficiency [from 10.53 (±0.98)% to 12.82 (±1.07)%, with the optimized one at 14.77% for reverse scanning]. The transient photovoltage/photocurrent decay measurement and impedance spectroscopy study showed that, after being annealed at a relative humidity of 30%, the charge extraction rate was accelerated and charge transfer resistance was reduced, while recombination between photo-generated charges was retarded. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated that voids were reduced between the perovskite film and the carbon electrode, which was ascribed to the re-coarsening process of the perovskite during the post-annealing process as revealed by the X-ray diffraction study. The improved contact accelerated hole-extraction between the perovskite film and the carbon electrode and then upgraded device performance.
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