Abstract P513: Adverse Birth Outcomes and Cardiometabolic Outcomes Among Multiracial Children in the U.S.

Abstract

Background: Infant birth weight and preterm birth are prime indicators of health risks in adulthood. Specifically, birth weight and preterm birth have associations with cardiometabolic outcomes. Few studies have shown indications of relationships between high birth weight and cardiometabolic indicators. We aimed to assess the association between cardiometabolic disease and adverse birth outcomes among multiracial children within the United States and within each race/ethnicity group. Methods: Data from the 2016-2019 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) was utilized. The NSCH is a comprehensive survey providing national and state-level data on children’s lives. Post weighting, descriptive statistics on the population were gathered using chi-square tests for comparing the groups. Association analyses were conducted using univariate and multivariable analysis which was adjusted for age, sex, and race. Results: The analyses found that infants with low birth weight have more than two times high odds for heart conditions, a 37% higher likelihood of having diabetes, and were 32% less likely to be overweight. Infants with high birth weight had no associations with heart conditions, but were observed to have a 63% higher likelihood of having diabetes, and are 54% highly likely to be overweight. Infants with preterm birth showed 2.5 times high odds for heart conditions, and are twice as likely to have diabetes, but no associations were found for being overweight. Findings for race and ethnicity showed that for heart conditions there was a consistently higher likelihood (OR > 2) for all race groups within low birth weight and preterm birth. High birth weight was notably higher among Asians with a 63% likelihood, which was close to significant, other categories did not show significance. Preterm birth was 3-times highly likely associated with diabetes among Asians, and 2.4 times higher odds in other race, but not significant among Blacks and Whites. High birth weight had a higher likelihood (46%) among Blacks, compared to 32% among whites. Conclusion: Significant associations among preterm birth, low birth weight, and high birth weight adverse outcomes were observed for certain cardiometabolic health outcomes such as heart conditions and diabetes. There may be other external factors including social determinants of health that have historically affected minorities in the past, and may partly explain our findings.