Abstract A70: Ginger phytochemicals exhibit robust synergy to inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation

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Abstract An emerging notion accepts cancer as a preventable lifestyle disease. Fruits and vegetables offer non-toxic therapeutic options for prostate cancer in particular, since its slow growth offers a wide window for chemopreventive intervention. Fruits and vegetables contain various phytochemicals, including polyphenols and flavonoids that are well-known for their anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative roles. However, the failure of several single-agent clinical trials has fueled a paradigm shift to appreciate that health benefits of fruits and vegetables are not ascribable to individual phytochemicals but rather to synergistic interactions among them. We recently reported the growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing properties of whole ginger extract (GE) in in vitro and in vivo prostate cancer models. Nevertheless, the nature of interactions among the constituent ginger biophenolics, viz. 6-gingerol (6G), 8-gingerol (8G), 10-gingerol (10G), and 6-shogoal (6S), remains elusive. Here we show the antiproliferative efficacy of the most-active biophenolics present in GE as single-agents and in binary combinations, and investigate nature of their interactions using the Chou-Talalay combination-index (CI) method. Our data demonstrate that binary combinations of ginger phytochemicals synergistically inhibit cellular proliferation of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells with CI values ranging from 0.03 to 0.88. To appreciate synergy among ginger phytochemicals present in GE, the natural relative abundance of ginger biophenolics was quantitated using LC-UV/MS methods. Interestingly, combining GE with its constituents (in particular, 6G) resulted in significant augmentation of GE's antiproliferative activity. These data generate compelling grounds for further preclinical evaluation of GE alone and in combination with individual ginger biophenols for prostate cancer management. Citation Format: Sushma Reddy Gundala, Meera Brahmbhatt, Ritu Aneja. Ginger phytochemicals exhibit robust synergy to inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A70.