Abstract 515: Endocycling cancer cells undergo multiple S phases while repressing myc activity

Abstract

Abstract Chemotherapy resistance remains a major challenge when treating patients with metastatic cancer. While intrinsic resistance to therapy has been well studied, phenotypic plasticity that drives entry and exit of resistant cell states is poorly understood. One of these plastic cell states used by cancer cells under chemotherapy treatment is characterized by the reprogramming of the mitotic cell cycle to enter a non-proliferative endocycle. Cells in this endocycling state decouple DNA synthesis from cell division by actively progressing through G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle while repeatedly skipping mitosis. After a dormant period, cells can switch back to a mitotic cell cycle to repopulate a tumor. The underlying mechanisms that drive this cell cycle reprogramming remain unknown. C-myc is an oncogenic transcription factor that is dysregulated in ~70% of human cancers. C-myc is responsible for the activation of several cell cycle drivers, including cyclins and CDKs, and represses cell cycle inhibitors, such as CDK inhibitors. High levels of myc activity allow cells to move through the cell cycle quickly with a rapid doubling time. Documented endocycles in polyploid cells rely on high c-myc activity; however, our data shows that endocycling cancer cells have repressed levels of c-myc protein and transcriptional activity. Transcriptomic data shows that myc target genes are expressed at very low levels compared to the mitotic parental cells, and complementary data shows low protein levels. While myc downregulation is expected in non-proliferative cells, the compensatory mechanisms mediating the G1/S transition in the cancer endocycle remain unknown. Recent data has shown that myc suppression alone is not sufficient to induce a sustained endocycle at a population level, despite premature APCCdh1 activation during G2 in a subset of cells. We hypothesize that restoring myc activity to the levels of mitotic parental cells will drive endocycling cells to resume a proliferative mitotic cell cycle and produce mitotic progeny cells. Understanding the mechanisms that govern this transition is crucial to generate next-generation cancer therapeutics to disrupt endocycling cells, blocking acquired resistance and disease recurrence. Citation Format: Michael A. Loycano, Kenneth J. Pienta, Sarah R. Amend. Endocycling cancer cells undergo multiple S phases while repressing myc activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 515.