Abstract
Background: Electromagnetic interference (EMI) refers to signals discernible by a device’s circuitry, potentially resulting in erroneous sensing, pacing, mode switching and defibrillation. EMI poses potential risks to the functionality of cardiac implantable electronic devices, with Subcutaneous- Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (S-ICDs) potentially more susceptible due to their design. Research Question: Does EMI from Electric Vehicles (EV) interfere with the functionality of S-ICDs? Goals: Developing and utilizing a loop antenna device that mimics S-ICDs to assess the susceptibility of S-ICDs to EMI from EVs in different charging conditions. Methods: A loop antenna device mimicking the S-ICD lead design was developed, and then validated by the Food and Drug Administration, to detect electromagnetic signals. The device was positioned at different locations in a Tesla Model 3 to measure electromagnetic signals. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p-value < 0.0001) in detected voltage (400-504 mV) around the cup holder compared to all other measured locations. These signals fell within the R-Wave Spectrum of 30-300 Hz. Conclusion: We identified EV-emitted EMI capable of disrupting S-ICD functionality. Further in-vivo studies are essential to determine the level of interference between S-ICDs and EMI from EVs.
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