Abstract 3903: Acute toxicity studies of ethanolic fruit-skin extract of Annona muricata

Abstract

Abstract Recent reports have shown that the currently high demand for Annona muricata fruits and plant products is most likely due to their selective cytotoxic activity, where extracts and subsequent pure compounds exhibited more toxicity to cancer cell lines than standard drugs and even increased the viability of normal cells at certain concentrations. The current study explored the phytochemical screening and acute toxicity profile of ethanolic fruit-skin extract of Annona muricata (ESA) in female Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening were carried out following stipulated protocols while twenty-five female Wistar albino rats were treated with 2000 mg kgbwt-1and 5000 mg kgbwt-1 ESA for 24 - 72 hours and after 14 days to evaluate their toxicity against biochemical (ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, albumin and total protein), hematological (RBC, WBC, PCV, platelet count, MCV, MCH and MCHC, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte) and histopathological parameters. The phytochemical screening of extract collectively revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. No sign of toxicity was observed in animals treated with ESA in the first critical four hours of dosage neither any mortality recorded. Toxicological assessment of ESA showed significant difference in values of extract-treated animals mostly at 5000 mg kgbwt-1 compared to normal control on ALT, ALP, WBC, M, N, PCV, MCH, MCV and platelet count within 72 hours of treatment compared to normal control but mostly later reversed after 14 days. Histopathology results also showed significant differences in morphology of certain organs compared to control with reversal of some lesions after 14 days. Ultimately, ethanolic fruit-skin extract of Annona muricata is non-toxic at moderate concentrations and may serve as a huge potential for nature-friendly antiproliferative and antitumour agents. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Wisdom O. Iyanda-Joel, Sandra O. Israel-Ovirih, Shalom N. Chinedu, Emeka EJ Iweala. Acute toxicity studies of ethanolic fruit-skin extract of Annona muricata [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3903.