Abstract 3872: Multi-ancestral origins of colorectal lesionsMulti-ancestral origins of colorectal lesions

Abstract

Abstract The widely accepted paradigm that cancer initiation is a monoclonal event has not been definitively resolved. In sporadic cancers this is due to the requirement for longitudinal sampling to study this occult process, which occurs over years to decades. Individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) possess a germline APC mutation, leading to hundreds of colonic polyps in adolescence and a 100% lifetime risk of colorectal cancer. Resected colons from FAP patients contain normal mucosa, benign and dysplastic polyps that embed the natural history of colorectal tumorigenesis at different points of malignant progression. Through genome sequencing of 127 independent polyps or mucosa samples from six FAP patients, we characterized the genomic landscape, relative timing of somatic alterations, and clonal dynamics in normal, dysplastic, and invasive colon tissue. Comparison with multi-region sequencing data from FAP patients and sporadic colorectal adenomas and carcinomas indicates similar molecular profiles, with canonical cancer driver genes present across benign and dysplastic premalignant lesions and shared mutational orders. Pairwise sample comparisons and phylogenetic reconstructions revealed extensive heterogeneity and subclonal sharing within a patient’s benign and dysplastic lesions, irrespective of location in the colon. These data imply that polyps were initiated from multiple cells from distinct lineages whose most recent common ancestor arose during development. We corroborate these findings using a mechanistic mathematical model, which infers polyclonality in 100% of benign and 83% of dysplastic samples. Based on these findings, we propose a conceptual model of the multi-ancestral origin of intestinal malignancies. Citation Format: Ryan O. Schenck, Aziz Khan, Aaron Horning, Edward D. Esplin, Debra Van Egeren, HTAN–FAP Consortium, William Greenleaf, James M. Ford, Michael P. Snyder, Christina Curtis. Multi-ancestral origins of colorectal lesionsMulti-ancestral origins of colorectal lesions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3872.