Abstract 3652: Maternal body mass index, diabetes, and gestational weight gain and risk for pediatric cancer in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Pediatric cancer incidence has steadily increased concurrent with the rise in adult obesity, however, associations between maternal obesity and associated comorbidities and pediatric cancer risk remain understudied. Methods: A comprehensive and systematic literature search in PubMed and EMBASE databases from their inception to March 15th, 2021. Eligible studies reported risk estimates, sample sizes, and provided sufficient description of outcome and exposure ascertainment. Studies were excluded if not complete, published, peer-reviewed studies, or if provided incompatible exposure data. Data quality was assessed according to Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) guidelines and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled effects. Results: Thirty-four studies were included, covering 3,404,747 subjects and 14,706 pediatric cancer cases for pre-pregnancy BMI; 14,748,772 subjects and 44,628 pediatric cancer patients for maternal diabetes; and 2,124,647 participants and 15,915 pediatric cancer cases for gestational weight gain. Pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly associated with leukemia risk in offspring (OR per 5-unit BMI increase =1.07 [95% CI = 1.04-1.11] I2 = 0.0%). Any maternal diabetes was positively associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk (OR=1.46 [95% CI = 1.28-1.67] I2 = 0.0%), even after restricting to birthweight-adjusted analyses (OR [95% CI] = 1.74 [1.29-2.34] I2 = 0.0%), and inversely associated with risk of central nervous system tumors (OR=0.73 [95% CI = 0.55-0.97] I2 = 0.0%). Pre-gestational diabetes (OR=1.57 [95% CI = 1.11-2.24] I2 = 26.8%) and gestational diabetes (OR=1.40 [95% CI = 1.12-1.75] I2 = 0.0%) were also significantly associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk. No significant associations were observed for gestational weight gain and pediatric cancer risk. Conclusions: Maternal obesity and diabetes may be etiologically linked to pediatric cancer, particularly leukemia and central nervous system tumors. Our findings support appropriate weight management and glycemic control as important components of maternal care and offspring health. Further validation studies are warranted. Citation Format: Andrew R. Marley, Allison Domingues, Taumoha Ghosh, Lucie M. Turcotte, Logan G. Spector. Maternal body mass index, diabetes, and gestational weight gain and risk for pediatric cancer in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3652.