Abstract 1799: Regulation of epidermal stem cell proliferation and adhesion by ACSS2

Abstract

Abstract Acetyl-CoA Synthetase Short-Chain Family Member 2 (ACSS2) is an enzyme that converts acetate into acetyl-CoA, a crucial metabolite required for protein acetylation and lipogenesis. Acetyl-CoA is membrane-impermeable and must be synthesized in the compartment in which it will be used. Among ACSS enzymes, ACSS2 alone is found in the nucleocytoplasmic compartment rather than the mitochondria. This enzyme shows dynamic localization dependent on cell nutrient status, with nutrient stress promoting nuclear localization where ACSS2 activity promotes cell growth and survival. Emerging evidence suggests ACSS2 may also play roles in promoting metastasis, and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target. However, the role of ACSS2 in controlling normal tissue homeostasis is understudied. Addressing this knowledge gap is critical to ensure safety and efficacy of cancer therapeutics. As 80% to 90% of human cancers originate from epithelial tissues, we have leveraged human epidermal stem cells to further interrogate the role of ACSS2. As progenitor keratinocytes differentiate, they detach from the basal lamina and migrate from the metabolically privileged basal layer to the more challenging environment at the surface of the epidermis. Using shRNA-mediated knockdown, we first found ACSS2 knockdown dramatically decreases progenitor keratinocyte clonogenicity, abolishing proliferative capacity. Analysis of RNA sequencing data following ACSS2 knockdown with five constructs showed significant increases in expression of genes related to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, collagen catabolism, and cell migration, in addition to keratinocyte differentiation. Downregulated genes were associated with cell division, DNA repair, and DNA replication. Live cell imaging revealed knockdown cells show striking differences in cell adhesion compared to control. These results indicate a role for ACSS2 in regulating keratinocyte proliferation and adhesion during the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis. Citation Format: Nicholas K. Chamberlain, Xiaomin Bao. Regulation of epidermal stem cell proliferation and adhesion by ACSS2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1799.