Abstract 156: Pyruvate Kinase M2 Regulates SNAP23-mediated Platelet Granule Exocytosis, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation And Experimental Venous Thrombosis

Abstract

Introduction: Several factors released from activated platelets via exocytosis contribute to venous thrombosis (VT) by potentiating neutrophil extracellular traps formation (NETosis) at the sites of inflammation. The metabolic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) contributes to platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. PKM2 possess protein kinase activity. The regulatory role of PKM2 in platelet granule exocytosis, NETosis, and VT has not been investigated yet. Aim: To test the hypothesis that dimeric PKM2 regulates SNAP23-mediated platelet granule exocytosis, and thereby contributes to NETosis, and VT. Methods: We utilized platelet-specific PKM2 –/– (PKM2 fl/fl PF4Cre + ), littermate (PKM2 fl/fl ) mice, and wild-type (WT) mice treated with small molecule ML265 (limits PKM2 dimerization) or vehicle to test the susceptibility to VT in inferior vena cava (IVC)-stenosis model. In vitro NETs formation was evaluated by co-incubating WT neutrophils with agonist (thrombin or convulxin)-stimulated platelets. The SNAP23 phosphorylation and PF4 release were measured using Western blot. Results: PKM2 fl/fl PF4Cre + or WT mice pre-treated with ML265 exhibited reduced susceptibility to VT in the 48 hours IVC-stenosis model as evaluated by less thrombus burden (% incidence, length, and weight, n=11-12/group, P<0.05 vs. controls). Myography revealed that limiting PKM2 dimerization improves the venous wall function post-VT. Activated PKM2 –/– or ML265 pre-treated WT platelets exhibited decreased SNAP23 phosphorylation and PF4 secretion suggesting a regulatory role for PKM2 in SNAP23 exocytosis and PF4 secretion. Furthermore, neutrophils stimulated with activated platelets from either PKM2 fl/fl PF4Cre + or WT mice pre-treated with ML265 showed reduced NETosis. Finally, we demonstrate that the % of the area covered by the thrombus is profoundly reduced in the ML265-treated human whole blood perfused over a tissue factor-coated surface at the venous shear. Conclusions: Dimeric PKM2 is a novel regulator of SNAP23-mediated platelet granule exocytosis. Targeting dimeric PKM2 in platelets inhibits NETosis in neutrophils stimulated with activated platelets and reduces susceptibility to experimental VT.