Abstract
Background Dodeca-2E,4E,8E,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides are the main alkamides in Echinacea preparations, which have been demonstrated to possess biological activities in various bio-assays, such as immune-modulating activities and effects on cannabinoid receptors [1]. Therefore, the evaluation of systemic availability of these active plant constituents is a major prerequisite for the interpretation of in vitro pharmacological testing. This study assessed the absolute and relative bioavailabilities of dodeca2E,4E,8E,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides (tetraenes) administered as pure compounds or as an Echinacea purpurea root extract preparation.
Highlights
Dodeca-2E,4E,8E,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides are the main alkamides in Echinacea preparations, which have been demonstrated to possess biological activities in various bio-assays, such as immune-modulating activities and effects on cannabinoid receptors [1]
Pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability data of tetraenes were obtained by non-compartmental analysis (NCA) using WinNonlin® 5.2 software
The absolute bioavailability of dodeca-2E,4E,8E,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides was 29%, which was increased to 47% (1.6 fold) by the administration of an Echinacea extract
Summary
Dodeca-2E,4E,8E,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides are the main alkamides in Echinacea preparations, which have been demonstrated to possess biological activities in various bio-assays, such as immune-modulating activities and effects on cannabinoid receptors [1]. This study assessed the absolute and relative bioavailabilities of dodeca2E,4E,8E,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides (tetraenes) administered as pure compounds or as an Echinacea purpurea root extract preparation
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