Abstract
Consideration is given to one of the possible physical mechanisms for the large-scale structure generation, acting in a incompressible fluid layer with unstable temperature stratification and thermally insulated boundaries. It has been established that there exists a heat flux aligned with the averaged temperature horizontal gradient. The theoretical analyses of the model equations give the condition for existence of the long wave instability and the criterion for its initiation threshold. Theoretical predictions are confirmed by laboratory experiments. The horizontal dimensions of the experimentally obtained long-lived vortices are 4–6 times larger than the thickness of the fluid layer, which agrees fairly well with theoretical predictions.
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