ABOUT MATERIALS OF THE THERMOEMISSION COOLING SYSTEM OF BLADES OF TURBINES OF GAS TURBINE CONVERTERS OF AEROSPACE CRAFTS OF RADIO-ELECTRONIC REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH

Abstract

Rated estimates of effect of application of the Thermal electron emission Way of Cooling (TWC) of blades of turbines (BT) of the gas turbine converters (GTC) of the Space Aircraft (SA) developed in in D. F. Ustinov Baltic State Technical University «VOENMEH» are given in the present article. Relevance of development of TWC is confirmed by the fact that now in the Russian Federation development of the SA platform with the energy basis at the heart of which the principle of gas turbine transformation is conducted. However, because of low reliability of its basic elements - blades of turbines in operating conditions, it is necessary to reduce temperature in installation that reduces efficiency and increases the weight and dimensions of SA in general. It means that taking into account opportunities of modern means of removal, opportunities for equipment of SA of the radio-electronic equipment are reduced and characteristics of SA with radio equipment in general decrease. Improvement of these characteristics requires increase of reliability of blades of turbines and increase on this basis of temperature of GTC, its efficiency with simultaneous decrease in weight and dimensions. But in this case it is supposed that turbine blades will be made of the ceramic materials functioning in the environment of the inert gases heated from onboard source of heat energy. One of problems at the same time is emergence of temperature gradients, tension and deformations that can lead to emergence of cracks. However, if to execute ceramic blades from metalsimilar connections (borida, carbides, alloys of borid and carbides) using TWC, then opportunity essential (more, than twice) decrease in both TB temperature, and temperature differences, and tension in TB design appears. In article it is also shown that decrease in temperature stresses in design of hot elements at equivalent heat load is reached due to fundamental properties of thermionic emission, namely thanks to dependence of intensity of thermionic emission and electronic cooling on temperature.