Abnormal uterine bleeding: A study of its clinical spectrum and incidence of histopathological patterns of endometrium as a function of age with parity

Abstract

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common complaint affecting majority of pre and postmenopausal women. Endometirum is a dynamic tissue and is affected by a wide range of histopathological lesions. The causes of AUB is a function of age. Aim and Objective: to study the histopathological pattern in cases of AUB in reference age, parity and bleeding pattern. Patients were categorized into reproductive (50 years). Materials and Methods: A total of three hundred patients presenting with AUB are included in this study. Observation and Results: In this study patient ranged from 20 to 70 years and the mean age of the cohort was 43.46±8.07. Major parity category noted in the cohort was para-2 in 89 patients (29.67%). Major bleeding pattern observed in the cohort was menorrhagia (32.33%); followed by metrorrhagia (19.67%), menometrorrhagia (16.33%), postmenopausal bleeding (12.67%), polymenorrhoea (9.67%), polymenorrhagia (5%) and continuous bleeding (1%). Histopathological pattern observed in AUB patients was proliferative phase endometrium (31.33%), secretory phase endometrium (21.67%), menstrual endometrium (1.33%). atrophic endometrium (6%), disordered proliferation (3.33%), mixed pattern (1%), polyp (10.67%), metaplasia (9.67%), hyperplasia (8.67%), endometritis (2.67%), adenocarcinoma (1.67%) and insufficient (2%). Conclusion: The causes of AUB are function of age; perimenopausal age group is the most common affected. Dilatation & Curettage is cost effective, useful procedure but organic lesions such as leiomyoma and adenomyosis can be missed. AUB is a common disorder affecting females and is a challenge to the treating gynaecologist. Keywords: Endometrium, Premenopausal, Postmenopausal, Hyperplasia, Polyp.