Abdominal aorta intima-media thickness in children with hypothyroidism

Abstract

Hypothyroidism is associated with atherosclerosis, which is attributed mainly to an atherogenic lipid profile. Increased intima-media thickness (IMT) is the first structural change detected in atherosclerosis. This prospective cohort study investigated lipid profile and abdominal aorta IMT in patients newly-diagnosed with hypothyroidism and their change one year post-treatment. It included fifty patients divided into three groups according to their diagnosis: congenital hypothyroidism (CH), Acquired and CH stopped treatment/uncontrolled group. They were subjected to history, auxological, blood pressure, non-fasting lipid profile, and abdominal aorta IMT measurement by abdominal ultrasound. These demonstrated high basal cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL (259.64 ± 82.06, 193.94 ± 71.54, and 144.70 ± 48.46 mg/dl, respectively) and significant reduction after treatment (216.66 ± 44.60, 165.70 ± 53.58 and 123.26 ± 29.79 mg/dl, respectively). Low basal HDL (47.92 ± 10.08 mg/dl) increased significantly (57.56 ± 7.94 mg/dl) after treatment. Abdominal aorta IMT decreased significantly after treatment and achievement of euthyroidism (1.47 ± 0.49 and 1.33 ± 0.41 mm, respectively). In conclusion, upon treatment of hypothyroidism and achievement of euthyroidism, abdominal aorta IMT, cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL decreased significantly, and HDL increased. Abdominal aorta IMT measurement is an easy and feasible way for the early detection of atherosclerosis.