Ab. No. 70 Efficacy of Perturbation Training on Balance and Function in Older Individuals- An Experimental Study

Abstract

Introduction: Aging involves decline in visual, vestibular and proprioceptive acuity associated with functional limitations and reduced motor function, disturbing balance and increasing risk of fall. The study evaluates the effect of perturbation training in older individuals with mild to moderate risk of fall and its effect on postural stability and balance. Perturbation training has been advocated as an effective intervention for re-educating proprioception and restoring normal neuromuscular coordination. Older adults can quickly adapt to large postural perturbations, altering their biomechanics and preventing falls. Methods: An experimental trial recruited 30 older individuals (65-85 years) with mild to moderate fall risk through purposive sampling. Participants underwent Perturbation Training with tilt-board and conventional balance exercises thrice weekly for four weeks (12 sessions). Modified-CTSIB test on NeuroCom Balance Master® and Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test were taken at baseline and post-completion. Homogeneity of samples was assessed using Shapiro-Wilk’s Test of Normality. Dependent sample t-tests were employed to analyze group data, with means and standard deviations indicating statistical differences in pre and post outcome measures at 95% confidence interval. Results: Pre and post measures on TUG test and M-CTSIB test on NeuroCom Balance Master® shows statistically significant improvement in TUG values(p<0.0001*) and COG sway velocity in all conditions except on Firm surface with eyes open, with FIEO(p<0.1208), FIEC(p<0.0011*), FOEO(P<0.0013*), FOEC(p<0.0001*) and Composite COG sway velocity(p<0.0001*). Conclusion: Perturbation training coupled with conventional balance exercises, showed to be effective intervention to improve balance and postural control in older individuals. The study lacked follow-up, leaving room for future studies into continuity of exercises and retention of its effects. Implications: Given the effectiveness, the study suggests integrating perturbation training in geriatric rehabilitation protocol to enhance physical function, diminish fear of falling, and boost fall-related self-efficacy.