Abstract
Energies of the 1s → 3d. 1s → 4s and 1s → 4p transitions of Mn, Fe and Co in a series of oxides have been obtained from X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). Bivalent metal oxides do not show separate features in XANES due to the two oxidation states of the metal, but the spectroscopic transition energies. $E_\gamma$: as well as the 3d-4s and 3d-4p energy differences. $\delta$E, increase smoothly with the oxidation number of the metal or its effective atomic charge, q. The variation of transition energies as well as $\delta$E values with q is best described by the parabolic relation. $E_\gamma (or \deltaE) = aq + bq^2$. Mixed-valence cerium and ytterbium alloys distinctly show transitions due to the valence states in the XANES.
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