Abstract
We present a wirelessly powered millimeter-sized injection-locked oscillator with on-chip antennas for material spectroscopy application. The main challenge is to design an efficient and sensitive wireless energy-harvesting front-end with integration of an on-chip antenna and a wide locking range oscillator. The on-chip antenna receives electromagnetic energy from a continuous-wave source in the X-band frequency. A superharmonic injection-locking oscillator locks to the frequency of the input and produces a synchronized signal at half the frequency of the input. This new signal is then radiated back using an on-chip dipole antenna, which resolves the conventional self-interference issue in radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensors. In addition, the locking mechanism improves the phase noise of the on-chip oscillator to -93 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz offset. The large locking range of the transmitting signal shows promising results for spectroscopy applications, which can be used for material detection and analysis.
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