A wide Bandwidth Pyramidal Horn Antenna with Enhanced Gain Using Metasurface layer

Abstract

A new design of a pyramidal horn antenna operating at 8-18 GHz based on the waveguide structure is presented in this paper. A metasurface layer, which consists of a set of periodic unit cells, is employed on the E-plane walls of the horn antenna. This is to enhance the realised gain and bandwidth. The unit cell shape is chosen based on the cavity resonator theory. The design method of the unit cells is analyzed and presented here using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio. The scattering parameters of a single unit cell are optimised in order to operate it at the designed operating frequencies. Compared to a conventional pyramidal horn, the proposed horn antenna gain improves up to 10 dBi. The peak gain is 23.7 dBi and the reflection coefficient at S11= -10 dB is 5%. The radiation patterns are well shaped, and are stable over a large operating frequency range. The proposed pyramidal horn antenna is relatively low profile and may be of interest in satellite communication systems. References ABDULKARIM, Y. I., AWL, H. N., MUHAMMADSHARIF, F. F., KARAASLAN, M., MAHMUD, R. H., HASAN, S. O., IŞıK, Ö., LUO, H. & HUANG, S. 2020. A low-profile antenna based on single-layer metasurface for Ku-band applications. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. ASL, A. N., YOUSIF, B. & AL-ZALABANI, M. 2020. Design, modeling, and fabrication of a new compact perfect metamaterial X-band absorber. AIP Advances, 10, 025328. CHEN, H.-T., TAYLOR, A. J. & YU, N. 2016. A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications. Reports on progress in physics, 79, 076401. CHEN, X. & GE, Y. 2017. Enhancing the radiation performance of a pyramidal horn antenna by loading a subwavelength metasurface. IEEE Access, 5, 20164-20170. CHU, L. & BARROW, W. 1939. Electromagnetic horn design. Electrical Engineering, 58, 333-338. ESSELLE, K. P. 2007. A low-profile compact microwave antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth. IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 55, 1880-1883. GE, Y., LIN, C. & LIU, K 2018. A Metasurfaced Pyramidal Horn Antenna for Circularly-Polarized Applications. IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), IEEE, 517-518. GE, Y., SUN, Z., CHEN, Z. & CHEN, Y.-Y. 2016. A high-gain wideband low-profile Fabry–Pérot resonator antenna with a conical short horn. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 15, 1889-1892. LI, Y., GE, L., WANG, J., DA, S., CAO, D., WANG, J. & LIU, Y. 2019. 3-D printed high-gain wideband waveguide fed horn antenna arrays for millimeter-wave applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 67, 2868-2877. LIER, E. & SHAW, R. 2008. Design and simulation of metamaterial-based hybrid-mode horn antennas. Electronics letters, 44, 1444-1445. LIN, C., GE, Y., BIRD, T. S. & LIU, K. 2018. Circularly polarized horns based on standard horns and a metasurface polarizer. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 17, 480-484. MARHEFKA, R. J. & KRAUS, D. 2002. Antennas for all Applications. Antennas for all applications. MAYBELL, M. J. & SIMON, P. S. 1993. Pyramidal horn gain calculation with improved accuracy. IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 41, 884-889. MORADI, A. & MOHAJERI, F. 2017. Side lobe level reduction and gain enhancement of a pyramidal horn antenna in the presence of metasurfaces. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 12, 295-301. PAN, B., LI, Y., PONCHAK, G. E., PAPAPOLYMEROU, J. & TENTZERIS, M. M. 2009. A 60-GHz CPW-fed high-gain and broadband integrated horn antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 57, 1050-1056. WANG, P., WU, Q., HE, R.-B. & LUO, W. 2019. Gain and radiation pattern enhancement of the H-plane horn antenna using a tapered dielectric lens. IEEE Access, 7, 69101-69107. WU, Q., SCARBOROUGH, C. P., GREGORY, M. D., WERNER, D. H., SHAW, R. K. & LIER, E. Broadband metamaterial-enabled hybrid-mode horn antennas. 2010 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. IEEE, 1-4. WU, Q., SCARBOROUGH, C. P., WERNER, D. H., LIER, E. & SHAW, R. K. 2013. Inhomogeneous metasurfaces with engineered dispersion for broadband hybrid-mode horn antennas. IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 61, 4947-4956. WU, Q., SCARBOROUGH, C. P., WERNER, D. H., LIER, E. & WANG, X. 2012. Design synthesis of metasurfaces for broadband hybrid-mode horn antennas with enhanced radiation pattern and polarization characteristics. IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 60, 3594-3604.