Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased over the last few decades. During this time, populations of industrialized countries have been exposed to diets rich in fat with a high content of linoleic acid and a low content of alpha-linolenic acid compared with recommended intake. To assess the contribution of dietary fatty acids, male and female mice fed a high-fat diet (35% energy as fat, linoleic acid:alpha-linolenic acid ratio of 28) were mated randomly and maintained after breeding on the same diet for successive generations. Offspring showed, over four generations, a gradual enhancement in fat mass due to combined hyperplasia and hypertrophy with no change in food intake. Transgenerational alterations in adipokine levels were accompanied by hyperinsulinemia. Gene expression analyses of the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue, over generations, revealed discrete and steady changes in certain important players, such as CSF3 and Nocturnin. Thus, under conditions of genome stability and with no change in the regimen over four generations, we show that a Western-like fat diet induces a gradual fat mass enhancement, in accordance with the increasing prevalence of obesity observed in humans.
Highlights
The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased over the last few decades
In rodents, reducing this ratio from 59 to 2 under isolipidic, isoenergetic conditions (40% energy as fat) by inclusion of dietary ␣-linolenic acid (LNA) counteracted the enhancing effects of linoleic acid (LA) on body weight and fat mass, which became similar to that observed with a chow diet [4]. 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were more potent than 3 PUFAs in promoting adipogenesis [5,6,7]
LA acts through arachidonic acid (C20:4 6, ARA) and prostacyclin, as pups from mice invalidated for the prostacyclin receptor (IP-R) and fed a LA-rich diet exhibit reduced body weight and fat mass compared with wild-type mice fed the same diet [4]
Summary
The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased over the last few decades. During this time, populations of industrialized countries have been exposed to diets rich in fat with a high content of linoleic acid and a low content of ␣-linolenic acid compared with recommended intake. Under conditions of genome stability and with no change in the regimen over four generations, we show that a Western-like fat diet induces a gradual fat mass enhancement, in accordance with the increasing prevalence of obesity observed in humans.—Massiera, F., P. The prevalence of obesity and the risk of developing associated diseases have steadily increased across generations over the last few decades LA acts through arachidonic acid (C20:4 6, ARA) and prostacyclin, as pups from mice invalidated for the prostacyclin receptor (IP-R) and fed a LA-rich diet exhibit reduced body weight and fat mass compared with wild-type mice fed the same diet [4] Overall, these results emphasize the importance of adipose tissue development
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