Abstract
In this study, the Tiwari and Das model is numerically studied, in case of a moving plate containing both single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs, respectively), in the presence of thermal radiation and the slip effect. Employing the similarity transformation, a set of 2nd-order partial differential equations (which are used to model the flow and heat transfer) are solved numerically using the boundary value problem with 4th-order accuracy (BVP4C) method. The effects of related parameters, such as the volume fraction of nanoparticles, moving, slip, and radiation parameter on the heat transfer performance are analysed and discussed. Results indicate that a unique solution was placed when the plate travels in assisting flow conditions. Additionally, as the nanoparticle volume fraction (φ) rises at φ = 0.2, the skin friction and heat transfer rate decrease. It is also observed that when the slip parameter (β) increases at β = 0.4, the skin friction decreases, whereas the heat transfer rate increases. Meanwhile, the heat transfer rate decreases when the thermal radiation (NR) increases to 0.7. Moreover, it is found that the SWCNTs are more efficient when the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number are considered. It is found that the Weibull distribution is more suitable in fitting the skin friction data.
Highlights
Discovered in 1995, nanofluids are a class of fluids that have been attracting significant attention of researchers in various fields
Fundamental research in the mathematical aspect of the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is needed in order to understand the mechanisms that can change the nanofluid behaviour. erefore, the objective of this study is to investigate and highlight the effects of thermal radiation and slip parameter of SWCNTs and MWCNTs in the case of a moving plate. is is performed by employing a theoretical mathematical model, previously introduced by Tiwari and Das [28]. eir model presented the effects of nanoparticle volume fraction in influencing the viscosity of the nanofluid
With the help of the bvp4c solver in software MATLAB, the system of nonlinear ordinary equations (9) and (10) and conditions given in equation (11) are numerically solved. e solver bvp4c was programmed with a finite difference code that implements the 3-stage Lobatto IIIa formula. is effective solver required the users to have a set of initial guesses with a combination of the boundary layer thickness
Summary
Discovered in 1995, nanofluids are a class of fluids that have been attracting significant attention of researchers in various fields. Owing to their advantages, nanofluids have been implemented in various industrial sectors, such as energy and biomedical fields. Choi and Eastman [1] reported that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids can be enhanced by dispersing nanosized particles in the fluid. Alwaeli et al [3] reported that the addition of alumina and carbon black nanoparticles improved the cooling effect on the solar panels. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become one of the most effective materials, owing to their ability to enhance the thermal characteristics of the fluid, high electrical conductivity, unique optical transmission, and high tensile strength. When dispersed in the base fluid, they can accelerate the rate
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