A weakly nonlinear framework to study shock–vorticity interaction

Abstract

Linear interaction analysis (LIA) is routinely used to study the shock–turbulence interaction in supersonic and hypersonic flows. It is based on the inviscid interaction of elementary Kovásznay modes with a shock discontinuity. LIA neglects nonlinear effects, and hence it is limited to small-amplitude disturbances. In this work, we extend the LIA framework to study the fundamental interaction of a two-dimensional vorticity wave with a normal shock. The predictions from a weakly nonlinear framework are compared with high-order accurate numerical simulations over a range of wave amplitudes ( $\epsilon$ ), incidence angles ( $\alpha$ ) and shock-upstream Mach numbers ( $M_1$ ). It is found that the nonlinear generation of vorticity at the shock has a significant contribution from the intermodal interaction between vorticity and acoustic waves. Vorticity generation is also strongly influenced by the curvature of the normal shock wave, especially for high incidence angles. Further, the weakly nonlinear analysis is able to predict the correct scaling of the nonlinear effects observed in the numerical simulations. The analysis also predicts a Mach number dependent limit for the validity of LIA in terms of the maximum possible amplitude of the upstream vorticity wave.