Abstract
This work reports the applicability of a voltammetric sensor array able to quantify the content of 2,4-dinitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and picric acid in artificial samples using the electronic tongue (ET) principles. The ET is based on cyclic voltammetry signals, obtained from an array of metal disk electrodes and a graphite epoxy composite electrode, compressed using discrete wavelet transform with chemometric tools such as artificial neural networks (ANNs). ANNs were employed to build the quantitative prediction model. In this manner, a set of standards based on a full factorial design, ranging from 0 to 300 mg·L−1, was prepared to build the model; afterward, the model was validated with a completely independent set of standards. The model successfully predicted the concentration of the three considered phenols with a normalized root mean square error of 0.030 and 0.076 for the training and test subsets, respectively, and r ≥ 0.948.
Highlights
The analysis of pollutants in wastewater, marine environments, and freshwater aquifers is of great importance to assure that pollutant levels stay within acceptable values
The approach proposed is the use of an electronic tongue (ET) system [8]
In order to get stable voltammetric responses and ensure reproducible signals from the array sample measurement until a stable response was obtained; an electrochemical cleaning step was during the study, the electrodes were cycled in a phosphate buffer solution on the beginning of each performed between samples at +1.2 V for 40 s in a cell containing 20 mL of 50 mM saline solution sample measurement until a stable responsethewas obtained;ofan
Summary
The analysis of pollutants in wastewater, marine environments, and freshwater aquifers is of great importance to assure that pollutant levels stay within acceptable values. The work presented here will attempt to simultaneously quantify species species having multiple and different nitro-groups such as picric acid, 2,4-dinitrophenol, having and 4multiple and(Figure different nitrophenol. Chemical of picric picric acid, acid, 2,4-dinitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and and 4-nitrophenol In this context, the approach proposed is the use of an electronic tongue (ET) system [8]. The proposed performs a combined electrochemical signals determination provided by a a sensor array and work chemometric data treatmentapproach in order using to perform the simultaneous sensor array and chemometric data treatment in order to perform the in simultaneous determination of of three compounds with overlapped measurements.
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