Abstract
• Rate-dependent compaction-relaxation response of a 3D woven fabrics is investigated. • Non-linear rate-dependent equilibrium behaviour of the fabric was observed. • The decay of normalized peak stresses during cyclic tests was rate-indepdendent. • A visco-hyperelastic modelling approach was adopted to model fabric behavior. • Rate dependent equilibrium stress was modeled via modified Gutowski’s model. • Model captures rate-dependent single-and multi-step compaction-relaxation behaviour. In composites manufacturing processes, such as Liquid Composite Molding (LCM), compaction of a fabric preform is a key processing step. For developing process models of such manufacturing techniques, modelling of the compaction response of the reinforcement is vital. Woven fabrics exhibit a complex viscoelastic compaction response that depends on the architecture and properties of the reinforcement. In this work, we experimentally investigated the rate-dependent response of a 3D orthogonal woven fabric under different loading histories such as, slow-rate compaction, single step compaction, multi-step compaction and cyclic loading tests. A visco-hyperelastic modelling approach was used with a modified Maxwell-Weichert rheological model to describe the viscoelastic compaction behaviour of the 3D woven fabric. The rheological model consists of microstructure-dependent spring elements and Maxwell elements arranged in parallel. The microstructure-dependent spring element accounts for the non-linear rate dependent equilibrium behaviour of the fabric and is described by modified Gutowski’s compaction model. Hyperelastic strain energy functions, such as, Yeoh and Neo-Hookean, were used to describe the stress response in each Maxwell element. A nonlinear evolution law was adopted to derive an expression for the dissipation rate and deformation in the dashpots of each Maxwell element. The identification of the visco-hyperelastic material parameters was performed and validated against the experimental data.
Published Version
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