Abstract
<p>The redefinition of the kilogram in terms of Planck constant came into effect on 20 May 2019. The National Metrology Institute of Turkey (UME) realised the new definition by means of the oscillating magnet Kibble balance. The novel dynamical measurement procedure developed for Kibble balance in Turkey has the advantage of being less sensitive to environmental disturbances compared to the traditional Kibble balance experiments. Precise displacement measurements are performed either with Michelson or Fabry-Perot interferometers in worldwide Kibble balances. Moreover, most of them operate in a global vacuum. A commercial Michelson interferometer has been used in UME’s Kibble balance experiment. In this article, we determine the contribution of ultra-small oscillations to the Planck constant by taking simultaneous displacement measurements on two back-to-back mirrors attached to the piezoelectric transducer, undergoing an oscillatory motion with the Michelson and Fabry-Perot interferometers. The following novel measurement procedure makes such measurements possible in a regular laboratory environment. Otherwise, the experiment needs to be performed in a global vacuum. This is why we were required to investigate the resolution performances of these devices in laboratory conditions. As the expected relative uncertainty in the redefinition of kilogram is above the resolution uncertainties of both interferometers, we may conclude that a commercial Michelson interferometer will serve our purposes in our route to the redefinition of a kilogram by means of local vacuum.</p>
Highlights
On 16 November 2018, a crucial decision on the redefinition of the kilogram unit was made according to the votes of the member states of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) – at the 26th meeting of The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) held in Versailles, France
The TÜBİTAK National Metrology Institute (UME) of Turkey contributes to the ongoing worldwide scientific work on the redefinition of the kilogram, with an oscillating magnet Kibble balance experiment, in which its novel dynamical measurement procedure makes the system less sensitive to environmental disturbances compared to the traditional Kibble balance experiments [5]-[7]
We applied the dynamical measurement procedure developed for the UME oscillating magnet Kibble balance to interferometric displacement measurements performed simultaneously by Michelson interferometer (MI) and Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) to test the resolution performance of MI
Summary
On 16 November 2018, a crucial decision on the redefinition of the kilogram unit was made according to the votes of the member states of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) – at the 26th meeting of The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) held in Versailles, France. The new definition of the kilogram can be realised by means of the Kibble balance experiment [1], which compares electrical power to mechanical power with the help of two macroscopic electrical quantum phenomena: the Quantum Hall effect [2] and the Josephson effect [3]. The TÜBİTAK National Metrology Institute (UME) of Turkey contributes to the ongoing worldwide scientific work on the redefinition of the kilogram, with an oscillating magnet Kibble balance experiment, in which its novel dynamical measurement procedure makes the system less sensitive to environmental disturbances compared to the traditional Kibble balance experiments [5]-[7]. The precise measurements of the displacement and the voltage are vital in order to achieve the required total relative uncertainty of 2 × 10−8 in the kilogram realization experiments with Kibble balance systems.
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