Abstract
A quantum interface for two-way entanglement transfer, e.g., between orbital angular momentum degree of freedom in free space and time-energy degree of freedom in optical fibers, provides a way toward establishing entanglement between remote heterogeneous quantum nodes. Here, we experimentally demonstrate this kind of transfer interface by using two interferometric cyclic gates. By using this quantum interface, we perform two-way entanglement transfer for the two degrees of freedom. The results show that the quantum entangled state can be switched back and forth between orbital angular momentum and time-energy degrees of freedom, and the fidelity of the state before and after switching is higher than 90%. Our work demonstrates the feasibility and high performance of our proposed transfer interface, and paves a route toward building a large-scale quantum communication network.
Highlights
An entanglement-based quantum network is a platform for the science and application of secure communication and distributed quantum computation
Due to the unique phaseintensity profile and unlimited number of orthogonal modes, orbital angular momentum (OAM) entangled states have stimulated a variety of quantum applications[1], such as high-dimensional quantum key distribution[2], quantum teleportation[3], entanglement swapping[4], fundamental tests of quantum mechanics[5], digital spiral imaging[6], and quantum pattern recognition[7]
A narrow-band continuous-wave laser at 1555.75 nm amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier is frequency doubled in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide by second-harmonic generation
Summary
An entanglement-based quantum network is a platform for the science and application of secure communication and distributed quantum computation. Quantum entanglement can be encoded in various degrees of freedom (DOF), such as path, polarization, time-energy, and spatial modes. Due to the unique phaseintensity profile and unlimited number of orthogonal modes, orbital angular momentum (OAM) entangled states have stimulated a variety of quantum applications[1], such as high-dimensional quantum key distribution[2], quantum teleportation[3], entanglement swapping[4], fundamental tests of quantum mechanics[5], digital spiral imaging[6], and quantum pattern recognition[7]. As an important part of twodimensional transverse space of photons[8], radial modes offer a new platform for many quantum information tasks, such as the fundamental test of quantum mechanics[9] and of highdimensional entangled states[10], and have potential application in high-dimensional quantum experiment[11]. Time-energy entanglement is of great interest as it supports various encodings, including time bins and temporal modes[12–14], and is insensitive to the birefringence effect of fibers[15–17]
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