Abstract
Over-voltage in low voltage feeders due to the increasing penetration level of photovoltaic (PV) is a crucial issue to be addressed. There is a need to use more advanced voltage control methods to satisfy the response time of the control system. In this paper, a two-level voltage control strategy is presented. In the first level, based on day-ahead PV production scenario, Both the on-load tap changer (OLTC) and the battery energy storage systems (ESSs) are applied to deal with over-voltage in the peak of PV generation and as well the voltage drop in the peak of demand. In this level, the batteries and the tap position of the feeder transformer are optimally set in order to improve the voltage profile for the entire planning horizon (next day) taking into account the uncertainties in the PV production. In the second level, based on the partitioning of the distribution network, reactive power compensation capability of PV inverters is employed to fine-tune the voltage profile for the next operating hour. To model the uncertainty pertaining to the output power of PV units, the parameters of beta distribution function are estimated for each hour time interval, and then Monte Carlo simulation method is used to generate daily scenarios. In order to reduce the complexities and computational burden, the linearized model of power flow equations and PV inverters have been implemented. A real and practical, 10 kV, 37-bus system is used to test the performance of the proposed method.
Highlights
In recent years, awareness about the environmental impacts of fossil fuel-based power generation and decrease in photovoltaic (PV) panel prices, promotes the consumers to prosumers with decentralised gen eration into the distribution grids [1,2]
The main contributions of this article fall under the following items: 1. A stochastic two-level voltage control strategy is proposed based on taking advantages of battery energy storage systems as well as reactive power compensation (RPC) capability of inverters to regulate the voltage magnitude in addition to the optimal decisions on the tap position of on-load tap changer (OLTC)
The results show that for regu lating voltages within the acceptable range, total amounts of 1302.48 kVar reactive power absorption and 2161.35 kW active power curtail ment is needed
Summary
Awareness about the environmental impacts of fossil fuel-based power generation and decrease in photovoltaic (PV) panel prices, promotes the consumers to prosumers with decentralised gen eration into the distribution grids [1,2]. In [19], control and coordination of OLTC and RPC capabilities for voltage regulation in the distribution systems are proposed In this approach, the authors used mode estimation of OLTC control, as well as capacity, location and power factor limits of inverters to mitigate an over-voltage at a remote bus on the same feeder. A robust voltage/var control approach for active distribution networks is presented in [35] This method coordinates OLTC, capacitor banks and inverters with the aim of minimizing the power loss. A stochastic two-level voltage control strategy is proposed based on taking advantages of battery energy storage systems as well as RPC capability of inverters to regulate the voltage magnitude in addition to the optimal decisions on the tap position of OLTC.
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