Abstract
Developing a simple and direct approach for sensitive, specific, and rapid detection of metabolic compounds is of great importance for a variety of biological, medical, and food applications. Tubes are a highly portable and accessible container shape which are widely used for scientific research in cell biology and chemical synthesis, and which are also of great use in domestic health care applications. Here, we show for the first time the development of a tube-based painted amperometric biosensor for the detection of glucose and lactate. The sensor was prepared by printing carbon graphite and silver/silver chloride inks on the interior wall of the tube and then immobilizing glucose oxidase or lactate oxidase on the sensor. The sensor showed a sensitive, rapid, and reliable detection of glucose and lactate. We anticipate that these results could open new avenues for the development of painted biosensors, and toward advanced biosensor applications.
Highlights
The development of new types of bioelectronic sensors could expand opportunities for both fundamental new research and for a variety of applications in healthcare, defense, and environmental monitoring [1,2]
Tubes are a highly portable and accessible container shape which are widely used for scientific research in cell biology [8,9] and chemical synthesis [10], and which are of great use in domestic health care applications [11,12]
The camera images Figure (Figure11a,b) show the image working, and counter electrodes were successfully painted images (Figures 1a and 1b) show that the working, reference, and counter electrodes were on the interior wall of the tube, for the construction of the amperometric biosensor
Summary
The development of new types of bioelectronic sensors could expand opportunities for both fundamental new research and for a variety of applications in healthcare, defense, and environmental monitoring [1,2]. Glucose is an important analyte for biomedical applications, such as diabetes monitoring and cell biology [21,22] Lactate is another important biomedical indicator and can be detected in oral fluids or sweat [23,24], making it extremely suitable for building non-invasive biosensors. It is highly desirable to develop amperometric biosensors for the detection of glucose and lactate that can be constructed in a small tube. We demonstrate for the first time the development of a tube-based painted amperometric biosensor for glucose and lactate. Glucose oxidase (GOD) or lactate oxidase (LOD) was immobilized on the working electrode of the sensor. When the sensor was in the presence of glucose/lactate, the glucose/lactate was catalyzed by GOD/LOD to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which was oxidized by the working electrode to generate a current response
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