A triboelectric sensing array integrating material identification and self-healing enabled by a healable polyamide-based device unit

Abstract

To develop skin-like tactile sensor systems with both self-healing ability of repairing mechanical damage and perception ability of identifying materials and objects is significantly valuable for smart and high-quality interaction with environment. It is noticed that the sensing array comprised of distinct triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) units shows great advantages in material recognition. However, those attempts of integrating self-healing ability into above triboelectric sensing array are challenged by the lack of self-healing TENG constituent units with differentiated electron affinity. Herein, we exploit a self-healing polyamide (SPA) with high mechanical strength as the base material for constructing a novel self-healing TENG unit with distinctive electron affinity. The healing of the prepared SPA-based TENG (SPA-TENG) can be autonomously conducted at room temperature without external intervention required. Our results reveal that SPA-TENG possesses stronger electron affinity compared to existing self-healing TENGs, which enables it to be an ideal constituent unit to construct self-healing triboelectric sensing array for material identification. After combining SPA-TENG with other previously reported self-healing TENGs, we firstly demonstrate a fully self-healing triboelectric sensing array capable of distinguishing various commercial plastic products based on their fingerprint waveform combinations, which shows promising application in fields of intelligent robots, artificial prosthesis, and automatic production etc.