Abstract
This paper describes a transient thermal model that accurately predicts the temperature of the open-rack mounted photovoltaic (PV) modules under varying atmospheric conditions. The PV module temperature is predicted by considering the thermal energy exchange between the PV module and its environment through the main heat transfer paths. The proposed thermal model has been validated by utilising data from the experiment: the temperature measurement of two identical PV modules operating in two different modes (open-circuit and full-load) was performed by means of three temperature sensors placed on the back surface of both PV modules. The model accuracy is 3 C of measured temperature values 100 % of the time under all conditions. The highest accuracy is obtained when the solar irradiance is subject to less fluctuation. The influence of the load level relative to the nominal power of the PV module on its temperature is hereby subject to consideration. DOI: 10.5755/j01.eie.25.2.23203
Highlights
The accurate value of the PV module temperature is of crucial importance for the precise estimation of its performance [1]–[3]
The parameters from the flowchart, which have not been explained earlier, have the following meanings: Ta, vw and G are the vectors with the ambient temperature values, wind velocity and solar irradiance, respectively, h is the initial value of the convection coefficient arbitrarily assigned by the user, j is the control variable, TPV1 and TPV are the program variables reserved for the PV module temperature
A transient thermal model has been developed in order to predict the temperature response time of a PV module operating under varying atmospheric conditions, such as solar irradiation, wind velocity, and ambient temperature
Summary
The accurate value of the PV module temperature is of crucial importance for the precise estimation of its performance [1]–[3]. There are a lot of papers in the literature concerning the modelling of the PV module temperature Most of these models are valid under the steady-state operating conditions [2], [4]–[6], while a number of them consider the transient change in ambient conditions [7]–[10]. If a precise prediction of the PV module temperature is required in case when meteorological parameters change rapidly, which is a much more frequent and realistic situation in practice (especially under the cloudy sky conditions), the transient models should be used In these models, unlike steady-state ones, the PV module temperature changes gradually with the change of any parameter affecting it. Jones and Underwood have proposed a transient thermal model for predicting the PV module temperature [8] This model does not require knowledge of the INOCT. Several comparisons were made between the model and actual field data collected by the measurements, where a good agreement between the temperatures obtained by the model and experiments was confirmed for all operating modes of the PV modules and all atmospheric conditions
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