Abstract
This article presents an analysis of the socio-economic specifics and political and legal characteristics of a traditional state. The authors illustrate the latter on a vast array of historical examples from the evolution and development of the ancient and medieval states. The authors substantiate that the key feature of traditional states is the absence of the state apparatus in its classical political and legal interpretation. At the same time, using various historical examples, the traditional state, and its publicimperious organization has been proved to base on an extensive system of personal relations and property basis, which was legally documented and represented in the socio-political reality in the land ownership. The absence of public service and, accordingly, state-service relations in the traditional state, in our opinion, was the reason that its state apparatus was not its structural and organizational basis. It seems that this feature should be considered one of the main typological characteristics of the traditional state. In science, however, it is stated that such indivisibility of managerial and economic functions had, allegedly, a place only at the earliest stages of statehood. Gradually, as the state develops, there is a distinction between private and public law functions of the state, due, among other things, to the separation of private property of the ruler from the property of the state (treasury).
Highlights
One of the characteristic typological features of the traditional state was the absence of the state apparatus in its modern sense, which in legal literature is understood as a system of state bodies and officials performing public-law imperious and managerial functions (Astafurov, 2010, p.300)
Government agencies and officials play a major role in the modern public administration system, and the civil servants are the workforce basis of the state apparatus
Considering the state apparatus in the most general sense, we should consider it as a form of institutionalization and structural organization of a special kind of management activity, namely, public service activity specific to the modern state
Summary
One of the characteristic typological features of the traditional state was the absence of the state apparatus in its modern sense, which in legal literature is understood as a system of state bodies and officials performing public-law imperious and managerial functions (Astafurov, 2010, p.300). A traditional state did not have such a public-governmental apparatus due to the fact that many of those functions performed by a public authority in a traditional state, were either absent or carried out by private individuals as a matter of personal initiative It could not exist because the relations of domination and subordination, formed within the framework of a traditional state, generally had the character of personal (rather than professional) obligations to a higher-ranking person based on a property and legal basis. An official is a person who permanently or temporarily exercises regulatory powers, performs both managerial and economic functions (for example, a representative of the owner of the property assigned to a legal entity) and, by virtue of his powers, acts as a participant of public and private law relationship (Demenkova & Ignatova, 2010). Historical facts show that the process of acquiring the status of landowners by officials in traditional states at the later stages of their development weakened this dependence and led to the disintegration of structural ties within it, which was one of the reasons for the transformation of the state from its traditional to the protomodern form
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