A three-layer coordinated operation methodology for multiple hydrogen-based hybrid storage systems

Abstract

Multiple hybrid storage systems are commonly grouped together forming as a larger energy and power density storage system, which can better satisfy different demands and situations. However, efficiently and healthily cooperating these multiple hybrid storage systems is still a tactical problem, especially considering various storage numbers, complex electrochemical reactions, multiplex physical and healthy operation conditions. In this paper, both the hydrogen and battery storage are formed as a single hybrid storage, where the hydrogen storage is composed of the fuel cell, hydrogen tanks, and the electrolyzer. Temperature effects are considered to build a two-dimension model of hybrid storage. A three-layer algorithm is then proposed to cooperate the grouped hybrid storage systems: first, an Entropy-fuzzy membership method is adopted to allocate the energy to each hybrid storage system; second, a model predictive control associated with the Kalman filter prediction method is used to dispatch the allocated power to hydrogen storage and battery; third, a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is used to achieve the reference signals tracking. The simulation results indicate that the proposed three-layer algorithm can efficiently and orderly dispatch power to each storage, and can extend the lifetime of the storage system. Featuring the hydrogen storage, the invisible spare power can be stored in tanks, and can be further utilized at any time in the future.