A three-dimensional cellular automata evacuation model with dynamic variation of the exit width

Abstract

In view of the existing two-dimensional pedestrian flow evacuation model which could not consider stair factors, a novel evacuation model is proposed by combining with three-dimensional cellular automata. The model gives a calculation method of probability of pedestrian movement based on the attraction, the congestion degree, the repulsive force, and the friction force. At the same time, simulation analysis is done combined with the real evacuation data and the experiment platform. Moreover, it further studies relationships of the evacuation time, the system average rate, exit width, and the initial density of pedestrians, in order to get pedestrians flow characteristics which are more in line with the real situation. The results show that the evacuation time will remain the same when the exit width increases to a certain extent. When the pedestrian density is relatively smaller in the evacuation space, the location attraction coefficient and the congestion degree coefficient play a decisive role for movement efficiency. However, when the pedestrian density is larger, the repulsive force coefficient and the friction force coefficient are decisive factors for the movement efficiency.