A Theoretical Model to Predict the Critical Hydraulic Gradient for Soil Particle Movement under Two-Dimensional Seepage Flow

Zhe Huang,Yuchuan Bai,Yufen Cao,Haijue Xu,Xiao Hu

doi:10.3390/w9110828

Abstract

The soil particle movement under seepage flow is one of the predominant mechanisms responsible for incidents and failures of dams and streambanks. However, little attention has been paid to the critical hydraulic gradient under two-dimensional (2-D) seepage flow. In this study, a theoretical model was established under 2-D seepage flow to predict the critical hydraulic gradients for soil particle movement. In this model, the sediment particle rolling theory was used, while taking into account the relative exposure degree of the soil grains and the seepage direction. The model was validated through qualitative analysis and comparison with previous data, and showed considerable superiority over Terzaghi's model. In addition, the effect of the soil internal instability, implying that the critical hydraulic gradient of unstable soil is lower than that of stable soil, was discussed. Various parameters of the model were also analyzed. The results showed that the seepage direction angle was positively related to the critical gradient, whereas the void and the mean diameter of the soil were negatively related to it. Finally, the model proposes a calculation method for the particle movement initiation probability, which is regarded as a key parameter in the sediment transport model.

Highlights

IntroductionThe soil-water pressure, seepage gradient forces, and the soil particle movement in relation to seepage erosion were the focus of previous studies [1,2]
Seepage flow could result in erosion and bank instability through several mechanisms.The soil-water pressure, seepage gradient forces, and the soil particle movement in relation to seepage erosion were the focus of previous studies [1,2]
The initiation of soil particles is a complex dynamic process influenced by the seepage flow, especially the 2-D seepage flow

Summary

Introduction

The soil-water pressure, seepage gradient forces, and the soil particle movement in relation to seepage erosion were the focus of previous studies [1,2]. Among these factors, seepage erosion is the predominant failure mechanism causing incidents in dams and streambanks [3,4], being responsible for approximately 50% of the failures [5,6]. The initiation of seepage erosion in soils has been assessed on the basis of hydraulic criteria, in relation to the critical hydraulic gradient ic.

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion