Abstract
Driving a car is a highly visual task. Despite the trend towards increased driver assistance and autonomous vehicles, drivers still need to interact with the car for both driving and non-driving relevant tasks, at times simultaneously. The often-resulting high cognitive load is a safety issue, which can be addressed by providing the driver with alternative feedback modalities, such as haptics. Recent trends in the automotive industry are moving towards the seamless integration of control elements through touch-sensitive surfaces. Psychological knowledge on optimally utilizing haptic technologies remains limited. The literature on automotive haptic feedback consists mainly of singular findings without putting them into a broader user context with respect to haptic design of interfaces. Moreover, haptic feedback has primarily been limited to the confirmation of control actions rather than the searching or finding of control elements, the latter of which becomes particularly important considering the current trends. This paper presents an integrated framework on haptic processing in automotive user interfaces and provides guidelines for haptic design of user interfaces in car interiors.
Highlights
Studies on haptic feedback in automotive use cases usually start with several remarks about the staggering increase in control options in car interiors and how they are overwhelming for users in terms of cognitive load and distraction in driving situations
This paper presents an integrated framework on haptic processing in automotive user interfaces and provides guidelines for haptic design of user interfaces in car interiors
If the user’s expectations are not meet, for example, a function is not activated by touching, but pressing or interactive surfaces are not coded with haptic feedback, processing is hindered as the user might be confused
Summary
Studies on haptic feedback in automotive use cases usually start with several remarks about the staggering increase in control options in car interiors and how they are overwhelming for users in terms of cognitive load and distraction in driving situations. Most studies concentrate on technology-based haptic innovations, incorporating aspects such as proof of concept, usability tests, and a strong focus on technical solutions (Banter, 2010; Gaffary and Lécuyer, 2018) This one-eyed landscape of research literature makes it difficult for most stakeholders (such as designers, engineers, and usability researchers) to understand and predict why certain types of haptic feedback in user interfaces succeed while others fail. Gaffary and Lécuyer (2018) and Petermeijer et al (2015) give a broad overview on the use and effectiveness of haptic feedback in the automotive context They emphasize the impact of haptic feedback on driving safety, reaction time, and driver performance.
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