Abstract
The deployment of solar photovoltaics (PV) and electric vehicles (EVs) is continuously increasing during urban energy transition. With the increasing deployment of energy storage, the development of the energy sharing concept and the associated advanced controls, the conventional solar mobility model (i.e., solar-to-vehicles (S2V), using solar energy in a different location) and context are becoming less compatible and limited for future scenarios. For instance, energy sharing within a building cluster enables buildings to share surplus PV power generation with other buildings of insufficient PV power generation, thereby improving the overall PV power utilization and reducing the grid power dependence. However, such energy sharing techniques are not considered in the conventional solar mobility models, which limits the potential for performance improvements. Therefore, this study conducts a systematic review of solar mobility-related studies as well as the newly developed energy concepts and techniques. Based on the review, this study extends the conventional solar mobility scope from S2V to solar-to-buildings, vehicles and storage (S2BVS). A detailed modeling of each sub-system in the S2BVS model and related advanced controls are presented, and the research gaps that need future investigation for promoting solar mobility are identified. The aim is to provide an up-to-date review of the existing studies related to solar mobility to decision makers, so as to help enhance solar power utilization, reduce buildings’ and EVs’ dependence and impacts on the power grid, as well as carbon emissions.
Highlights
BackgroundBuilding energy use currently accounts for over 40% of total primary energy consumption in the U.S and E.U. [1]
They summarized the benefits of using a direct current (DC) microgrid as follows: (1) increase the introduction of distributed PV units; (2) reduce energy dissipation and facility costs resulting from Alternating current (AC)/DC conversion by integrating the junction between a commercial grid and DC bus which connects PV units and accumulators; and (3) supply power to loads via regular distribution lines even during the blackout of commercial grids
This paper conducted a systematic review of the existing studies related to the solar energy, building, electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage system and the energy sharing concept for promoting renewable energy utilization and solar mobility
Summary
Building energy use currently accounts for over 40% of total primary energy consumption in the U.S and E.U. [1]. To meet the large energy needs in both the building sector and transportation sector, renewable energy, which has much lower carbon emissions and relatively lower costs compared with the conventional fossil fuel-based energy, offers a promising solution [3]. In this regard, many countries and associations have established regulations or targets to promote the deployment of renewable energy. The E.U. sets a target of 32% of energy generation from renewables by 2030, and a minimum share of at least 14% of fuel for transport purposes must come from renewable sources by 2030 [1,4]. In order to achieve these renewable energy targets, two important aspects, the way renewable energy is used and renewable energy self-utilization, should be carefully determined
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