A Systematic Review on Environmental Impact Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables and their Detection Methods

Abstract

Background: Pesticides are used mainly to protect agricultural crops from various insects since the old times. Four basic needs for human beings are namely food, water, cloth and shelter. For the survival of living things, food is mandatory and it plays a primary role. Based on global reports, the world population is increasing geometrically, therefore, the demand for food, also increasing. Objectives: To fulfil this basic need, farmers produce food by applying various pesticides that can increase the production of food. Due to the unscientific way of pesticides use, the grains, fruits and vegetables accumulate the pesticides as. Pesticides contaminate foods which is hazardous for the consumer because the long-term consumption of these contaminated foods may cause serious health problems such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension etc. Methods: Previous studies showed that more than 50% of analysed crops samples were contaminated by different pesticides namely organophosphate, pyrethroids and organochlorine. Several methods were used to isolate the pesticides based on the detection methods from the fruits and vegetables. Results: Several studies showed that the pesticide residues in fresh fruits and vegetables namely tomatoes, apples, watermelons, mangos, grapes, and plums exceeded the FAO/WHO permissible limits. Several methods have been discovered and modified for the detection of pesticide residues in various foods, fruits, vegetables and water samples. Therefore, this present review aims to update the status of pesticide residues in various food items and their detection methods that are used currently for the detection of food contamination. Conclusion: The present review is to explain different aspects of food contaminating pesticides and it will help the scientist with the current scenario of pesticide residues.