A Systematic Review on Cascading Failures Models in Renewable Power Systems with Dynamics Perspective and Protections Modeling

Abstract

• Complex probabilistic techniques reduce the cascade data needed to generate the dynamic failure model. • Implementing the correct renewable power systems protection scheme and the dynamics of renewable power systems improves cascading failure modeling. • High penetration of renewable power systems significantly impacts cascading failure due to low inertia, rapid frequency and voltage fluctuation. • Grid-forming technology is the solution to mitigate cascading failures in renewable power systems. • Investigating a power system's reliability with complex dynamics driven by its upgrade process help reduce the blackout risks. Cascading failure in renewable power systems is a hot topic that attracts most researchers worldwide. This paper discusses the phenomena of blackout and cascading failure in terms of definition, causes, and past events worldwide. This paper also compares the models in terms of features, limitations, computational speed, and test bus for assisting the tradeoff analysis. Benchmarking among the models and potential test buses to be utilized for cascading failure analysis considering the high penetration of renewable power systems, are also included in this paper. The authors propose tradeoffs between the existing cascading failure models and solutions to achieve high accuracy and reduce computational complexity. Furthermore, this paper also compares the statics versus dynamics model methodology and the parameters involved during the simulation, corresponding to the latest challenges in protection systems. This paper also discusses the emerging challenges of cascading failure with an emphasis on the aspect of dynamic models, renewable energy, and the reliability of power systems. Due to the emerging problems that arise with the high penetration of renewable energy, grid-forming technology is the solution to study the impact of renewable energy on cascading failure. Researchers must develop a sophisticated dynamic model with high-speed computational time to realize online monitoring, prediction, and mitigation of blackouts becomes possible.