Abstract
Background and objectives: Although studies have elucidated the significant biomedical potential of biogenic metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), it is very important to explore the hazards associated with the use of biogenic MNPs. Evidence indicates that genetic toxicity causes mutation, carcinogenesis, and cell death. Materials and Methods: Therefore, we systematically review original studies that investigated the genotoxic effect of biologically synthesized MNPs via in vitro and in vivo models. Articles were systematically collected by screening the literature published online in the following databases; Cochrane, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and EBSCO. Results: Most of the studies were carried out on the MCF-7 cancer cell line and phytosynthesis was the general approach to MNP preparation in all studies. Fungi were the second most predominant resource applied for MNP synthesis. A total of 80.57% of the studies synthesized biogenic MNPs with sizes below 50 nm. The genotoxicity of Ag, Au, ZnO, TiO2, Se, Cu, Pt, Zn, Ag-Au, CdS, Fe3O4, Tb2O3, and Si-Ag NPs was evaluated. AgNPs, prepared in 68.79% of studies, and AuNPs, prepared in 12.76%, were the two most predominant biogenic MNPs synthesized and evaluated in the included articles. Conclusions: Although several studies reported the antigenotoxic influence of biogenic MNPs, most of them reported biogenic MNP genotoxicity at specific concentrations and with a dose or time dependence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically evaluate the genotoxicity of biologically synthesized MNPs and provide a valuable summary of genotoxicity data. In conclusion, our study implied that the genotoxicity of biologically synthesized MNPs varies case-by-case and highly dependent on the synthesis parameters, biological source, applied assay, etc. The gathered data are required for the translation of these nanoproducts from research laboratories to the clinical market.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary science that can be defined as the design, synthesis, and application of materials and devices at the nanolevel in different areas, including medicine, biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering [1,2]
Considerable heterogeneity was found across all studies due to the different natural sources applied for the preparation of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) and the different types of MNPs, as well as the different genotoxicity analysis methods
The present study systematically reviewed laboratory studies that evaluated the genotoxicity of biogenic MNPs by using in vitro and in vivo models
Summary
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary science that can be defined as the design, synthesis, and application of materials and devices at the nanolevel in different areas, including medicine, biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering [1,2]. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) is an emerging area of interest in nanoscience due to their unique physical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties compared to those of the bulk material [2]. The global sale of MNPs is anticipated to reach US $50 billion by 2026 [4]. There are two approaches to the synthesis of MNPs: the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach. Materials and Methods: we systematically review original studies that investigated the genotoxic effect of biologically synthesized MNPs via in vitro and in vivo models. A total of 80.57% of the studies synthesized biogenic MNPs with sizes below 50 nm. AgNPs, prepared in 68.79% of studies, and AuNPs, prepared in 12.76%, were the two most predominant biogenic MNPs synthesized and evaluated in the included articles. Conclusions: several studies reported the antigenotoxic influence of biogenic MNPs, most of them reported biogenic
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
