Abstract
Abstract Aim: This systematic review aimed to evaluate various Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers, based on the frequency applied, the number of satellites available, and the dilution of precision (DOP) presented to measure football player load control. Method: The systematic review followed the PRISMA recommendations. Four hundred and eighty-five articles were selected from two online databases (Scopus and ISI Web of Science) over five years, with 21 studies selected for this review. In these studies, the GNSS frequency ranged from 5 to 18 Hz, with 10 Hz as the most commonly used frequency. Results: Of the 21 selected studies, 20 presented the ideal horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP), and the number of satellites available varied from 5 to 20. There was no consensus on defining speed, acceleration, or deceleration zones. Conclusion: There was no uniformity in data collected from the devices. Most GNSS receivers do not adopt the international system of units (SI).
Highlights
Load control in training sessions and games is an essential strategy for reducing injuries and optimizing performance in football[1]
The accuracy of the information depends on factors such as the number of satellites connected to each device and the dilution of precision (DOP), which provides a measurement of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signal accuracy, determined by the position of satellites in the sky[6]
The present study adopted the following inclusion criteria: 1) Written in English; 2) The study was published as original research in a peer-reviewed journal; 3) Data reported only for football; 4) The sample consisted of competitive athletes, and 5) The use of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is mandatory
Summary
Load control in training sessions and games is an essential strategy for reducing injuries and optimizing performance in football[1]. Quantifying the external loads in football includes evaluating the distance, speed, accelerations, and decelerations performed by the athlete, as well as the exposure time for each measured variable[4]. These external loads can be determined with the aid of electronic tracking systems divided into 1) outdoor positioning systems (OPS); 2) local positioning systems (LPS); and 3) image-based systems[5]. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the different types of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receiver that exists on the market as GPS based on the applied sampling frequency, the number of satellites available, and the dilution of precision (DOP) presented to measure load control in football players. The data analysis methods used on the GPS variables measured will be observed
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