A systematic literature survey of the yield or failure criteria used for ice material

Abstract

Interest in ice engineering has increased in recent years, from predicting the ice load during the complex process of ice-structure interaction in the structural design analysis and optimization of ships and marine structures, to calculating the load-carrying capacity of ice as a building structure. Appropriate yield and failure criteria are crucial to the successful prediction of ice failure process. However, few papers systematically present a literature overview of the developed criteria. To better understand ice behavior under these scenarios, it is essential to make a comprehensive survey on the existing yield or failure criteria used for ice material before a criterion is proposed, modified or employed in ice engineering. In this survey, the theories behind various criteria, experimental verifications with ice specimens under multiaxial loading and engineering applications in ice-structure interaction scenarios were first performed. In addition, comparisons of the above-mentioned criteria according to the key influencing factors of ice behavior, as well as some recommendations for the future research were presented. Based on the survey, it was found that most criteria overestimated ice strength under high hydrostatic pressure, not suitable to account for the phenomenon of strength decrease due to pressure melting. However, in some conditions with low or moderate confining pressure, e.g., in bending failure, they have good performance in predicting ice response. In numerical analysis on ice-ship and ice-offshore structure collision scenarios, Crushable foam and Tsai–Wu yield criteria are mostly employed to simulate the ice behavior with the relevant reliability and accuracy. Moreover, in recent studies, it shows better potential for adopting the yield criteria of well-researched concrete material to simulate ice characteristic. Additionally, further studies on post-yielding behavior, combination of yield theory and damage mechanics, multiscale evaluation on existing ice criteria in different application scenarios and applying Hsieh–Ting–Chen and Bresler–Pister criteria driven from concrete material were suggested.