A systematic construction of parity-time ()-symmetric and non--symmetric complex potentials from the solutions of various real nonlinear evolution equations

Abstract

We systematically construct a distinct class of complex potentials including parity-time () symmetric potentials for the stationary Schrödinger equation by using the soliton and periodic solutions of the four integrable real nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs), namely the sine-Gordon (sG) equation, the modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation, combined mKdV–sG equation and the Gardner equation. These potentials comprise of kink, breather, bion, elliptic bion, periodic and soliton potentials which are explicitly constructed from the various respective solutions of the NLEEs. We demonstrate the relevance between the identified complex potentials and the potential of the graphene model from an application point of view.